DOROTHY DRAPER

Born to a wealthy and privileged family in 1889, in one of the most exclusive communities in American history, Tuxedo Park, Dorothy Draper was the first to “professionalize” the interior design industry by establishing, in 1923, the first interior design company in the United States, something that until then was unheard of, and also at a time when it was considered daring for a woman to go into business for herself.

As Carleton Varney writes in the biography of his mentor, The Draper Touch, she revolutionized the concept of “design” by breaking away from the historical “period room” styles that dominated the work of her predecessors and contemporaries. As an artist she was a modern, one of the first decorators of the breed, and a pioneer. She invented “Modern Baroque”, a style that had particular application to large public spaces and modern architecture. She craved public space, the canvas on which she did her most inspired work ( e.g. the restaurant at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, nicknamed “The Dorotheum”). To Dorothy, public space represented a place for people to come and feel elevated in the presence of great beauty, where the senses could look and feel and absorb the meaning of a quality life. She used vibrant, “splashy” colors in never-before-seen combinations, such as aubergine and pink with a “splash” of chartreuse and a touch of turquoise blue, or, one of her favorite combinations - “dull” white and “shiny” black. Her signature “cabbage rose” chintz, paired with bold stripes; her elaborate and ornate plaster designs and moldings - over doors, on walls and ceilings; her black and white checkered floors (The Quitandinah Palace & Casino Resort, Petropolis, Brazil); her massive, paneled, lacquered doors (Arrowhead Springs Hotel, California), some framed with bolection (Hampshire House, New York) or with elaborate plaster or intricate mirror frames (Camellia House, Drake Hotel, Chicago) – all contributed to dramatic design often referred to as “the Draper touch”.

Her confidence, as much as her taste, gave her the ability to take control of a hotel project in all aspects of design – right down to the designs for menus, matchbook covers and the staff uniforms. Her dictum was “if it looks right, it is right”.

In her day, Dorothy was the prima donna of the decorating business – her name was synonymous with decorating. She gave decorating advice in her regular column for Good Housekeeping Magazine, designed fabric lines for Schumacher, furniture for Ficks Reed, Heritage and, other than her hotel and restaurant decors, she also designed theaters, department stores, commercial establishments, private corporate offices, the interiors of jet planes (Convair & TWA) , automobiles (she did a “line” for Packard and Chrysler in the 1950’s – including a pink polka dot truck!) – even packaging for the cosmetics firm of Dorothy Gray – on top of her residential designs for the houses and apartments of prominent and very wealthy society figures. She also designed her very own exclusive fabrics for her clients – such as her Romance & Rhododendrons and Fudge Apron which she used at the Greenbrier. Much of her work survives to this day, in the lobbies of apartment buildings, hotels (The Carlyle in New York and Hampshire House until recently) and of course, the legendary Greenbrier in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, specifically in The Victorian Writing Room – once called the most photographed room in the United States).

The year 2006 was a milestone in the American interior design industry - for it was in that year that the legendary Dorothy Draper, a doyenne of the interior design industry of the 20th Century, was honored in a restrospective exhibition of her work by the Museum of the City of New York – the first time that such an honor was given to an interior designer. It was enormously successful, and it is estimated that more than 300,000 people attended over a period of six months. The exhibit continued to the Woman’s Museum in Fair Park (Dallas, Texas) where again it spurred much interest. In February 2008 it will continue on to the Museum of Art in Fort Lauderdale, Florida – such is the interest of this phenomenal giant in the design industry.

Her legacy continues in her company which survives to this day in New York City –sections of which she virtually transformed in the 1930s and 1940s.

As Carleton Varney writes:

“That any of her work remains….speaks volumes about her talent. Her touch has survived in a time that does not value the past. She was truly the last grande dame.”

Some of the hotel interiors created by Dorothy Draper

The Greenbrier (White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia)
The Carlyle (New York City).
Hampshire House,New York City)
The Essex House (New York City)
The Quitandinha (Petropolis, Brazil).
The Fairmont (San Francisco, California)
The Mark Hopkins (San Francisco, California)
The Arrowhead Springs (California)
The Beverly Hills Hotel (California)
The Drake Hotel (The Camellia House, Chicago, Illinois).
St. Anthony Hotel (San Antonio, Texas).
The Plaza Hotel (New York City)
International Airport Hotel (Idlewild – now JFK ) (New York City)
Gideon Putnam, (Saratoga Springs, New York)
Hotel Utah (Salt Lake City, Utah)
Barclay Hotel (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Cherry Hill Inn (Haddonfield, New Jersey)
Mayflower Hotel (Washington D.C.)
Robert Treat Hotel (Newark, New Jersey)

Hospitals

Delnor Hospital (St. Charles, Illinois)
The Naples City Community Hospital (Naples, Florida)
Mount Sinai (New York City).

Department Stores

Abraham & Strauss (Brooklyn, NY)
Kerr’s Department Store (Oklahoma City, OK)

Stores

Coty Salon (Rockefeller Center, NY City)

Airplanes

General Dynamics Convair Jet
TWA

Fabric Lines for F. Schumacher

Brazilliance
Espana
Hawaiian Islands

Furniture line for

Heritage
Ficks Reed Co.

Theatres

46th Street Theatre (now the Neil Simon), New York City
Loewe’s Orpheum – Broadway, New York City

Columns

Ask Dorothy Draper – for Hearst
Decorating Advice for Good Housekeeping Magazine

Books

Entertaining is Fun
Decorating is Fun

Clients (Private Residences/Apartments)

The Duke and Duchess of Windsor
Mr and Mrs. Albert Lasker
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Winchell
Hope Hampton
Mr. Ben Sonnenberg
Frank Weil

Night Clubs

Fefe’s Monte Carlo (New York City)
The Versailles (New York City)

Apartment Complexes & Lobbies

Sutton Terrace, 450 East 63rd Street (Sutton Place, New York City)
Cooper River Plaza (Pennsauken, New Jersey)

4 Riverside Drive (New York City)
115 East 72nd Street (New York City)
770 Park Avenue (New York City)

To see how Dorothy Draper’s family carries on her artistic legacy, please check out her grandson’s copper art work at www.danadraper.com.